Case Study 12 Angry Men - 2971 Words

Case Study 12 Angry Men PROC 5840 Negotiations KaShawna M. Davis Brief list of the major case issues that are instrumental in deciding the jury conclusion. Below I have defined the major case issues that are instrumental in deciding the jury: The defendant left his house at 8:00 P.M. after being â€Å"punched† several times by his father. The defendant went to a neighborhood â€Å"junk shop† and bought a switchblade knife with a â€Å"very unusual carved handle and blade.† The defendant met some friends in front of a tavern about 8:45 that night and talked with them for almost an hour. The defendant’s friends described the â€Å"death weapon† in court as the â€Å"very same knife† that the defendant had that night. The defendant arrived home around†¦show more content†¦8 knew that he would be able to convince the other jurors the innocence of the defendant. Focus on the other side’s pressure- Not yours- Juror No. 8 knew the defendant’s freedom was at stake. Show the other person how their needs will be met- Don’t give anything away without getting something getting something in return- Juror No. 8 was not going to give up his Not Guilty plea without concrete evidence Don’t take the issues or the other person’s behavior personally- Juror No. 8 did not get offended when the other Juror tried to attack him physically or verbally. Select five (5) and write a detailed explanation of how your use of these techniques could be applied in your personal and business life. b) For each of the five (5) chosen techniques, write and explain the result you would hope to achieve by use of that technique. 1. Don t be afraid to ask for what you want. Successful negotiators are assertive and challenge everything – they know that everything is negotiable. I call this negotiation consciousness. Negotiation consciousness is what makes the difference between negotiators and everybody else on the planet. Being assertive means asking for what you want and refusing to take NO for an answer. Practice expressing your feelings without anxiety or anger. Let people know what you want in a non-threatening way. Practice I statements. For example, instead of saying, You shouldn t do that, try substituting, I don t feel comfortableShow MoreRelatedEssay On 12 Angry Men992 Words   |  4 Pageseither way. Eleven to one is the results of the first vote by the jury in the movie 12 Angry Men. The jury is to decide if an 18 year of boy is guilty of first degree murder. If he is found guilty is will be sent to the chair. In the movie 12 Angry Men the actor that plays Mr. Davis used his core values of finding the truth, kindness, and the belief that every life matters to make the jury study the details of the case. Finding the truth of what happened on the night of the murder is critical to MrRead MoreSummary : 12 Angry Men Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesAmit Erez Professor Huppin Communication Studies 170 May 14, 2016 Thought Paper #2 The Constitution guarantees the right to trial by an impartial jury. Impartiality is the principle holding that all parties should be subject to equal treatment under the law. Being impartial requires jury members to reach a decision based on the evidence presented. The chosen jury must be unbiased, and capable of weighing out the evidence objectively. In order to counter bias, The Supreme CourtRead MoreTheme Of Self Image In 12 Angry Men892 Words   |  4 Pagestheir own personality, agenda and history. Such are the characters portrayed in 12 Angry Men. The movie 12 Angry Men was the first of fourty-three films in the career of director Sidney Lument, who often sought controversial issues (RE). This movie focuses on a jury’s deliberation in a capital murder case, where a guilty verdict means an automatic death sentence. As the deliberations unfold the story quickly becomes a study of the juror’s complex personalities (imdb). Using rationalization, people canRe ad More12 Angry Men Internal Interference Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as in 12 Angry Men. This 1954 televised play, written by Reginald Rose, depicts a group of jurors discussing the guilt, or lack thereof, of a young man of color who had presumably murdered his father. In most cases, the vote would be unanimous, with 12 votes pointing towards â€Å"guilty.† However, this play consists of intense debate over the verdict as one man took on the task of convincing the rest of the close-minded jury that perhaps their initial judgments were too hasty. 12 Angry Men heavilyRead MoreArticle Analysis: Demonstrating Group Process Using 12 Angry Men665 Words   |  3 Pageswith interesting and entertaining case studies which with they can further understand and explore various theoretical concepts. This is exactly what is being highlighted in the article Demonstrating Group Process Using 12 Angry Men, written by Stephen A. Armstrong and Robert C. Berg. Utilizing elements from the movie, 12 Angry Men, the authors discuss the various elements of group dynamics. The film highlights group interaction in a stressful situation, in this case a jury room, and thus allows studentsRead MoreEssay about 12 Angry Men Group Behavior1610 Words   |  7 PagesGroup Dynamics in 12 Angry Men In the 1957 classic 12 Angry Men, group dynamics are portrayed through a jury deliberation. Group dynamics is concerned with the structure and functioning of groups as well as the different types of roles each character plays. In the film, twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. The personality conflicts, the joint effort and the functioning of several minds together to search for the truth are just a fewRead More12 Angry Men717 Words   |  3 Pages12 Angry Men Writing Assignment Final Exam Project Due: ________________________________________ (EDMODO) You will see a lot of psychological phenomena exhibited in the movie 12 Angry Men. Many of these phenomena are listed in the boxes on the next page. Your task for this assignment is to watch the movie, take note of these various psychological phenomena, and then write a cohesive 2-3 page paper discussing these themes. In writing your paper you must pick at least 5 separate incidences fromRead MoreEssay about Group Dynamics in 12 Angry Men 1595 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1957 classic 12 Angry Men, group dynamics are portrayed through a jury deliberation. Group dynamics is concerned with the structure and functioning of groups as well as the different types of roles each character plays. In the film, twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. The personality conflicts, the joint effort and the functioning of several minds together to search for the truth are just a few characteristics of group dynamicsRead More12 Angry Men1722 Words   |  7 PagesThe 12 Angry Men Case Dennis Ojwang Organizational Management 701 February 26, 2015 When this movie was made, no one could have depicted that it would greatly speak of the ever changing dynamics of our world today. Immigration and diversity seem to have plagued the world now more than ever and it is no surprise that the business world has been changed tremendously. When this movie came out in 1957, there wasn’t much diversity as we see it today. Upon watching this movie, various topics coveredRead More12 Angry Men Essay829 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"12 Angry Men† Essay The movie 12 Angry Men focuses on a jurys decision on a capital murder case. A 12-man jury is sent to begin decisions on the first-degree murder trial of an 18-year-old Latino accused of stabbing his father to death, where a guilty verdict means an automatic death sentence. The case appears to be open-and-shut: The defendant has a weak alibi; a knife he claimed to have lost is found at the murder scene; and several witnesses either heard screaming, saw the killing or the

Constantines Influence to Christianity Essay - 2517 Words

The history of religion continues to play an important role in defining why certain aspects of religion are the way they are today. Understanding religion’s history can also help one appreciate the importance, value, and determination that certain individuals went through in order for that particular religion to gain freedom and acceptance in society. Throughout history, Christianity has shown exactly this. By learning about its history, one can gain an understanding of how it emerged into being one of the most popular religions in the world. Furthermore, better understanding of the religion, both historically and contemporarily, can help dispel any negative preconceived notions about Christianity. In the first three centuries after†¦show more content†¦Constantine’s strong army defeated Maxentius, which lead to the end of the battle. Constantine could now enter Rome in triumph and success. Constantine’s success at the Milvian Bridge was definitely a battle that deserves praise because of his great military operation. Nevertheless, his motivation for fighting was something that must be taking into consideration. It is commonly stated and believed that on the evening of October 27th, while preparing for battle, Constantine had a vision, which let him fight under the protection of the Christian God. Eusebius stated, â€Å"About the tie of the midday sun, when day was just turning, he said he saw with his own eyes, up in the sky and resting over the sun, a cross-shaped trophy formed from light†¦which said, â€Å"By the conquer.† †¦use this as a protection against the attacks of the enemy.† The vision, however, differs between the sources reporting it. Lactantius stated that Constantine did not have a direct vision in the sky, rather he simply had a dream. Needless to say, whatever story of the vision may or may not be true, this battle had shown his confidence in mens divina (divine mind), because it was there that Constantine became a supporter of Christianity. In 313, Constantine declared that Christians should be able to have the freedom and worship whomever they desire in peace. This was stated in The Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine and Licinius, which proclaimed the religious toleration andShow MoreRelatedConstantine the Ruler of the Roman Empire1626 Words   |  7 Pagesgained much respect and admiration among the Romans as a fair ruler. He emerged as a ruler who supported Christianity and then became popular as a Christian ruler himself. His reign and victory over the Roman Empire is a significant event in the history of Christian religion. With the Edic t of Milan in 313 Christianity was recognized as a religion, and the followers were free to practice Christianity without fear. It has been argued that Constantine failed to treat different religions equally as paganismRead MoreConstantine And Christianity Of The Roman Empire1350 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine and Christianity in the Roman Empire Religion has always been an important force in the lives of common people. In the early centuries, Christianity was developing with a great influence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marked a turning point of the Roman world and drove the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’sRead MoreConstantine The Great And Flavius Valerius Constantinus1114 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming known as Constantius Chlorus, granted 3 years of peaceful rule due to the treachery of the previous ruler of Roman Britain. The key influences for Constantine are firstly his father. Having been able to watch the ascendancy of his father to Emperor, and follow in his footsteps to become Emperor of Rome himself - it is clearly evident that Constantine’s father was a great role model. Constantine also found himself under the tutelage of Diocletian after his father took him to the East EmpireRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1224 Words   |  5 Pagesthe lives of common people. In the early centuries, Christianity was developing with a great influence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marks a turning point of the Roman world and drives the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’s abdication in 305 A.D., Constantine’s troops acclaimed him as Caesar. The age of persecutionRead MoreThe Battle Of Milvian Bridge1600 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the Christian god and Christianity, and instructed him to have his soldiers put the cross symbol on their shield, on the promise that he will win the battle at Milvian Bridge if he does so. Constantine did what Jesus Christ instructed him to do the next day, and he ultimately defeated Maxentius, becoming the next Roman emperor. However, the reason for Constantine’s victory over Maxentius is due to some circumstances that went in Constantine’s favor. And Constantine’s victory in the Battle of MilvianRead MoreThe Legacy Of Constantine The Great1471 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Edict of Milan. Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313 during a time when persecution gave way to religious tolerance. By the end of the century, Christianity became an official credo and the empero r would enforce its doctrines. This paper will attempt to make a fair and critical study of Constantine in his relation to Christianity. Often called the First Roman Emperor labeled a Christian, Constantine the Great is one of the most important figures in history because of his advocacy forRead MoreThe Great Leaders Of Pericles And Constantine1516 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial, social and military reforms to the Roman Empire, as well as decreed tolerance for Christianity within the empire. However, among all the leaders of the Archaic Period, Constantine is the most prominent and is the one who deserves to be honored with a monument. The reactions of citizens to the choices that the leaders made were different. The direct reaction to Constantine’s conversion to Christianity was mixed. Secular leaders held him as a paragon of virtue and invoked as a symbol of imperialRead MoreConstantine: Gods Gift to Christianity1168 Words   |  5 Pagesworld for their faith during varying periods of time since the birth of the religion. Even today there are stories of Christians being killed or beaten severely at the hands of Hindu extremists in India or in places like China and North Korea. Yet Christianity thrives as the world’s largest religion. Persecution of Christians was especially brutal and widespread during the fourth century in the Roman Empire. Christians were tortured until they denied Christ or killed if they refused, their possessionsRead MoreAlexander The Great Of The Classical Greek Culture Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagescontacts would later influence many of the decisions that would alter West ern Civilization. Diocletian, however, persecuted the Christians, and these actions would have an impact later in Constantine’s life. At the age of thirty, after many campaigns, Constantine decided to make his home in York, England, where he father lived and ruled. Upon his father’s death, Constantine earned the title of Augustus. Like his two predecessors who influenced Western Civilization, Constantine’s strong military backgroundRead MoreThe Embracing of Christianity in Roman Society924 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity being embraced to the Roman society was not a small feat. During this time Christians were heavily persecuted and often put to death. Christianity was considered prohibited cult and following this religion was a capital offence. The polytheistic Romans were extremely tolerant of other religions They allowed the worship of native gods and goddesses throughout their provinces and even adopted some of the deities. (Duiker) As long as the religious practices did not affect the order

Child and Marginal Places Free Essays

In the short essay â€Å"In Praise of Margins†, Ian Frazier puts himself back to the place in time when he did activities just for the sake of doing them. As a kid, Frazier traveled to the woods behind his house without a real sense of purpose. His main goal for the day or afternoon was just to explore, whatever that word may mean to him. We will write a custom essay sample on Child and Marginal Places or any similar topic only for you Order Now Frazier and his friends spent hours on end in the woods simply breaking thin ice sheets, â€Å"throwing rocks at a fresh mudflat to make craters, shooting frogs with slingshots, making forts, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound† (53). They weren’t doing anything important, but that was the point, to do something so insignificant but have it mean so much. Frazier explains that the activities he did as a kid â€Å"was a higher sort of unpurpose† (53), or in other words, marginal. I agree with Frazier about the important of marginality, because children in particular need to try out ideas for themselves and have some breathing room on their own. Marginal activities and places are important to kids, because they allow them to try out ideas or purposeless activities. As an example, Annie Dillard wrote a short essay called â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt† in which she talks about receiving a microscope as a Christmas present and going down to her basement to play with it endlessly. Dillard received a microscope from her parents because she had wanted one ever since she read â€Å"The Field Book of Ponds and Streams† (82). She was utterly convinced that everyone needed a microscope. At first, Dillard failed and could not use the microscope correctly because the slides she saw were a â€Å"bust. † Eventually in late spring, Dillard succeeded and saw an amoeba. Proud of her accomplishment, she rushed upstairs to tell her parents, but they seemed more interested in their coffee than excited (83). From that point on she understood that you do what you do for pure enjoyment and love for the activity itself and that no one really cares, but yourself. The microscope was her marginal activity and the basement was her marginal place where she could do whatever she wanted. Dillard ends her short essaying stating: â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit. † (83). â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt† and â€Å"In Praise of Margins† both have the similar idea of doing something for pure enjoyment. Dillard considers her work in the basement â€Å"play† because she enjoys it, but she didn’t actually realize that she was learning. This is a prime example of a marginal activity because she only used it for her enjoyment without a sense of real purpose. No purpose is needed because marginal activities allow you to be yourself and do something that you like to do, not because there is an end goal. Marginal activities like Dillard’s microscope allow children to try out ideas that they otherwise may never have found. A safe haven or a place to escape reality can be important to children. As a child, I lived in the typical two-story home in a typical suburbia neighborhood. I never really could keep much to myself or have ultimate freedom. My parents were typical over-protective parents who were scared that the world may danger and hurt their precious young boy. The only source of escape or get away I ever had was found in the play set in my back yard. It was just a little orange and blue play set that featured a slide and landing. Whenever I couldn’t be found, everyone knew that I was in my little play set in the back yard with my siblings and cousins. My play set was my marginal place because that was where I could come up with crazy imaginations and as soon as I stepped in my thoughts ran free. The play set was a get away from over bearing parents, homework, or even vegetable filled dinners. In that back yard, we could be anyone we wanted to be, think of the craziest adventures, or even just sit and talk. The play set in the back yard didn’t consist of judgment or scrutiny; rather, it was filled with bliss and innocence. It was such an important part of my childhood and I honestly don’t know if I would be the same person I am today if my play set hadn’t exist. Frazier’s woods are equivalent to my play set in the back yard. It was our get away from reality, the pure pleasure of doing nothing and something at the same time. My play set was my marginal activity and place because it allowed me to explore thoughts and try out the craziest of ideas. It is important as a child to have a get away where you can do anything you wanted because sometimes children are brought up to be perfect. Expectations can get to a child and a safe haven from that is all that is needed. In the words of Ian Frazier â€Å" The margin is where you can try out odd ideas that you might be afraid to admit to with people looking on† (54). Marginal places and activities are very important to children because it allows for breathing room. Not everything has to be purpose filled. Activities and places can be purposeless and just as satisfying as if it were purpose filled. Frazier took himself back to a time where everything was much simpler, and realized that marginal activities are very important. Marginal places and activities are important for everyone especially children. How to cite Child and Marginal Places, Papers

Cognitive Behavioural Group Treatment - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive Behavioural Group Treatment. Amswer: Introduction Health can be considered one of the most important basic needs of life and each and every member of a community must have the right to avail the health care benefits required. However, despite the recent advances to the health care industry, unfortunately, there are a multitude of different disparities prevalent in the health structure of the society. Now, it has to be mentioned that these disparities are heavily influenced by the various range of determinants of health. Health determinants can be categorized into a few broad terms that can be used to identify the different the health determinants, like the biological determinants, ecological determinants, sociological determinants and environmental determinants Management. Whatever may be the nature of the determinants, the impact of these determinants is extreme on the health un-equities and that is the reason why there have been many a health models developed in order to assess the impact of each class of determinants. The red lotus model opf health is one such model that explains the impact of health determinants efficiently along with providing health promotional strategies that can counteract the profound impact of the determinants. This assignment will attempt to explore the impact of different health determinants in accordance with red lotus model of health taking the scenario of the health of children with disabilities. Along with that this assignment ill also attempt to formulate a set of strategic recommendations in accordance with Ottawa charter of health promotion. For this assignment the vulnerable population that has been children dealing with disabilities; the rationale behind this chosen is very conspicuous. There are a multitude of different influential factors that contribute to the present health status of the children with disability, and most of these factors are influenced by the stigmatization prevalent still in the society regarding any kind of disability. Now the ecological health determinant selected is the red lotus model of health, which is abundantly utilized for its holistic and salutogenic nature of evaluation of the impact of the different categories of health determinants[2]. Reflecting on the present health status of the chosen vulnerable population, there are various environmental management determinants that enforce a significant impact of the health experience that the children with disability receive. According to the recent statistics, among the 4 million References Baldwin, S.The costs of caring: Families with disabled children(Vol. 4). Routledge. 2015 Gregg, J., O'Hara, L. The Red Lotus Health Promotion Model: a new model for holistic, ecological, salutogenic health promotion practice. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 2017, 18(1), 12-19.

american indian essays

american indian essays It was approaching dusk as the conspicuous line of dark vans entered the reservation. These vehicles served the purpose of furnishing transportation for about 30 members of a Cleveland area youth group, whose mission was to bring good news to the badlands. In short, the group was ministering to the Indian children of the Pine Ridge Reservation, which was in close vicinity to the natural wonder found in the foothills of the badlands. The trip became a tradition for my church and I traveled there on three separate occasions. Each year, the team received a welcoming that could be described as anything but inviting. In fact, the first year the trip fell on the Fourth of July and as we drove in, our vehicles were bombarded with fireworks. I could never really grasp why we were so despised. After all, our intentions were commendable. The matter became clearer after I read Zitkala-sas American Indian Stories. Within this text, a Native American expresses her beliefs that actions s imilar to ours serve merely in altering culture. The main characters civilization had religious beliefs long before the white man presented his ideas. Essentially, the Sioux religion was based on nature. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact beliefs of the group because of the deficiency of information. However from the text, some aspects can be gathered. First, it appears as though everything in nature is believed to retain a spirit. Zitkala-Sa is observing the flowers and personifies them, assuming they are possessive of a spirit by saying, Their quaint round faces of varied hue convince the heart which leaps with glad surprise that they too, are living symbols of omnipotent thought. (102) Everything natural was incorporated into their religious beliefs. Thus, the people receive refreshment of the soul through companionship with the outdoors. The narrator describes a spiritual expe...

society and individuals essays

society and individuals essays Society and individuals do not denote separable phenomena, but are simply collective and distributive aspects of the same thing. In this aspect of his theory Charles Horton Cooley states that the individual or person is actually a part of a larger individual called society. With that statement I will discuss Cooleys theory and explain my reaction to the theory. Cooley states that a persons self grows out of a persons commerce with others. Well doesnt that create a society? A persons individual self put together with millions of others selves equals a society. So where does an image that society want, come from? One person? In my opinion most individuals are afraid to express their own opinion. Thus creating a free market on the opinion. One person comes up with the opinion and the rest of society, if they feel it is not harmful to themselves, goes along with the opinion. This creates separate subculture in society such as the punk subculture or the thug subculture. Because one person was willing to put spikes in his hair for an outrageous reaction, others followed to express them selves with out being an individual but being an individual society. In the thug subculture does in make you hard to wear clothes to big? If it does, than how do today's youth in middle class suburbia sport that style, they have never lived in the ghetto and exp erienced things like true thugs have. In this manner peoples individual selfs have come from whom they interact with. Supporting Cooleys theory. The only problem with this idea is that it leaves the idea of originality to be an outcast on society. Being different from every one is a call for prejudice, harassment, and being left out of societys in crowd. We should be able to see a person for their accomplishments and their abilities. ...

Ductal cell adenocarcinoma of the breast Research Paper

Ductal cell adenocarcinoma of the breast - Research Paper Example About 20% of the breast cancer is found to have its origin at DCIS. If proper treatment is not given to DCIS then, the cells will invade all the ducts and cause cancer. It is not true that DCIS will get converted into cancer. But DCIS can develop into cancer if proper treatment is not given to them.1 Introduction: Breast carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops at the breast. This cancer is either invasive or noninvasive. The non invasive carcinoma is of two types. They are ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. Ductal adenocarcinoma refers to the occurrence of cancerous cells at the ducts. The cancerous cells are found at the linings of the ducts. They lack the ability to spread from one type of cell to another. This is the main reason for calling it as pre-cancer. There are three level of DCIS : low grade, intermediate and high grade DCIS. Clinical features: In US, around 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. The risk factors vary between the individuals. The statisti cal analysis has concluded that there is no single factor that develops breast cancer but there are many factors that increase the risk of breast cancer in women. Some of them are increasing age, history of the family, previous history of breast cancer, biopsy abnormalities, heavy exposure to radiation, pregnancy and breast feeding ( for women of age > 30 during pregnancy) and hormone replacement therapy. 2 Of these risk factors age, family history and the history of breast cancer are said to be very high risk factors. The increase in age is one of the most important factors that increase the risk. The studies have found that women of age greater than 50 are prone to more risk than the women of age 40. The risk percentage is 85 and 5 respectively. The women, who have never given birth to a child, face greater risks at the time of menopause. The age during the first child birth should be less than 28 years. The risk for breast cancer increases if the first child birth is after 30 yea rs. Similarly the hormonal replacement therapy is also found to be another reason for the breast cancer. The glandular tissue of the women are replaced by the fat during menopause time, when hormone therapy is done for these patients, they are more prone for the breast cancer. Radiation therapy is another reason for the development of breast cancer. Heavy exposure to radiation at the chest region as a part of cancer therapy or some other reason increases the risk. The Ductal carcinoma is usually asymptomatic. The symptoms for the occurrence of DCIS are nipple inversion, dimpling of the breast skin, nipple discharge and presence of lump in the underarm area. The symptom of DCIS is usually the presence of lump at the breast or the nipple discharge. According to the â€Å"Merck manual†, most of the women diagnosed with breast cancer are found to have felt the presence of lump at the breast. The best screening method for DCIS is mammogram only. Most of the DCIS were identified af ter the mammogram testing only. Fig: The Ductal carcinoma of the breast. The cancer has not moved above the basement membrane and they are not capable of metastasis.3 Pathological features: The biopsy is performed after the mammogram for the confirmation of the DCIS. Breast biopsy is nothing but the removal of a small part of the breast for the analysis. While scanning, the presence of space in the ducts is identified and confirmed for the presence of DCIS. Fig: The presence of spac

Should cell phones be allowed on airplanes Essay - 2

Should cell phones be allowed on airplanes - Essay Example Airplanes are very sensitive to signals that are coming into and going out of them. The fact that airplanes can be intercepted by these signals is an alarming issue which must be raised at all fronts. Even more important is the reality that dawns upon everyone – cell phones are the bane as far as airplane flights are concerned. They must be banned at the earliest and allowing the users to communicate or text through them is fatal to the basis of safety whilst being on a flight. The question that arises here is that how would people be able to stay in touch with their near and dear ones, especially when the flights take a lot of time. One shall believe that there is absolutely no substitute for safety of the passengers and nothing should be allowed if it comes in the wake of the same. Hence cell phones due to their dangerous signals and similar transmission issues should be shown the door as far as the airplanes are related. Since airplanes have state of the art technology regimes working in them, it is the responsibility of the airline to ensure that the cell phones are not allowed no matter how difficult the circumstances are or how influential the passengers turn out to be. The rules are the same as far as the usage of cell phones are concerned (Bedord 2008). There have been some airlines which have allowed their passengers to make free use of cell phones but what these airlines are forgetting is the fact that these cell phones can have serious drawbacks on the smooth functioning of the aircrafts as well as the signals which are being sent to the pilot as well as transmitted from his end. A great deal of responsibility rests with the pilots and their crew to ensure that the aircrafts are cell phone-free because this is in the better interest of all and sundry. One of the most important reasons behind avoiding cell phone usage lies in the research that has been conducted thus far. It has been demonstrated that

Discussion 9 and 10 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion 9 and 10 - Coursework Example It has affected many different mechanisms in the way humans work and interact such as information gathering and information sharing. However, the advent of the Internet has also had many effects on the way that people think, they way that they structure their time, their perceptions and the manner in which they structure their interests. An example of this is social media, which is internet content that relies on content generated by users. Such social media includes websites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and MySpace. For many the use of such sites has become a daily ritual, often supplanting things that they are meant to be doing, such as studying or working. This essay will examine the manner in which technology alters the structure of our interests in respect to the Internet and associated technologies. It will involve a in-depth review of the literature available, and if an unaddressed area still remains than a qualitative research method will be determined. References Cer uzzi, P. E. (2004). The "Problem" of Computer-Computer Communication, 1995-2000: A Technological Fix. In L. Rosner (Ed.), The Technological Fix (pp. 203-217). New York: Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.  Discussion Two For this I originally planned to ‘fast’ from using the Internet. ... As time progressed I found it much easier not to turn on the television and to find other activities. While the ‘fast’ was difficult at first and required a substantial amount of thought and effort to determine other activities I found that I learnt a lot about myself in the process. When I stopped the ‘fast’ I found that I did not watch television as much as before, preferring other activities, and it was not automatic for me to turn it on whenever I was in the same room. In retrospect, I found that fasting from one form of technology increased my use of other technologies. I had expected that stopping using television would increase the amount of time that I spent with other people and outdoors, but this was not the case. In general I found that I spend increased time on the Internet, although I did not watch online movies or television episodes as I considered this to be cheating the spirit of the fast. Instead I spent a lot of time on social networking s ites, especially Facebook, and playing games. I considered that this experiment provided an interesting demonstration of the role that technology plays in our lives. Even though I restricted myself from using one particular form of technology, I found that my use of another increased. It was difficult at first not to watch television, and I imagine it would be extremely difficult not to use any form of technology for pleasure even for a day. Technology has become extremely integrated in our lives and this was evident during my ‘fast’ from

Leadership And Change Management In Tescos Zero Carbon Supermarket

Leadership And Change Management In Tescos Zero Carbon Supermarket Over the years a lot has been written about the change. Some of which, is not appropriate and then uncontrolled change results in chaos. Why do we or an organisation needs change? There are some points that are here written under. Personally or as groups we need to evolve, equipments has to be replaced, new products need to be developed , business process need to be modified due the threat of opportunities, events, culture etc. In nut shell, he who wants to progress, success, and achievements needs change. Change management means different things to different people and different companies. Why organisations required changing Various things cause companies change. These consist of: Growth challenges, particularly worldwide markets Economic challenges downturns and bitter trading circumstances Strategy changes hi-tech changes economical and competitor pressures, together with mergers and acquisitions client force, mainly changing markets to learn new organisation performance and skills Government law and legislation/initiatives. The big impact of failures to introduce valuable alteration can also be high loss of marketplace situation such as elimination of senior supervision, loss of key employees, loss of stakeholder reliability.   There are new theories regarding assured of these newer models, like effective and project based structures, permit enlarged litheness to react to change. Though such theories are not for all time introduced consistently, and in exercise frequently initiate other issues that also shock upon amend supervision, such as capacity to share information and to run efficiently. These may also impact usefulness of declaration or worker commitment, which themselves have suggestion for change usefulness.   Obstacles in the way of change such as resistance to modify can be defined as a person or collection attractive in acts to block or else interrupt an attempt to commence change. so we can say that resistance itself can take many altered forms from subtle damage of change initiatives or  custody of in order to active resistance,  it can strike. There are two types of resistance in broad sense: That the resistance on the content like introduction of a particular reward system or a specific change in IT. That the resistance in the process of change such as there are executive jobs re structure without prior conference to the effected employees. I am going to select Tesco supermarket as an organisation that has recently implemented a major change project as the Tesco the United Kingdom largest supermarket has opened the worlds largest and first Zero Carbon Supermarket, before I discuss upon Zero Carbon I would like to discuss Tesco as a supermarket. Tesco is the world third largest and the United Kingdom first biggest supermarket having around 2420 stores and employees over the 327000. TESCO is not operating in the UK but also in Asia and Europe. Through its subsidiary, Tesco.com, it provides the services through online. The companys largest and biggest market is UK as here they are operating under four banners such as Superstore, Extra, Express and Metro, Recently the UK largest supermarket has opened the Worlds first Zero Carbon supermarket that big step towards an organisational change. That the store has no net Carbon foot print and exports any further electricity generated back to national grid. This store is located in Ramsey, Cambridgeshire this Zero Carbon superstore boasts, recycle, eco friendly features that are here under: That the store has a combined power and heat plant that runs on bio fuels from renewable sources. There is the timber derived from sustainable source rather that steel its main and chief features is to reduce the carbon footprint of construction. when the daylight increases then interior lighting dims and that time skylight s allow daylight on the sales floor The Led that is the UKs first Led lit parking lot and on the gas stations. That the rainwater collection facilities on the roof that gives water for use of the flush for the store toilets and the car wash. Heating, refrigerant gases in the fridges, air condition systems and ventilation systems that have in effect no impact on the environment. That the crossing signals and solar powered. There is additional energy efficient equipment, such as low energy bakery ovens. The superstore that has been operating in the Ramseys town, Cambridgeshire, framed of timber rather than steel. It uses day lights from the sky and there are sun pipes to reduce the need for artificial lighting. That the store has also characteristics of combined power and heat plant by the renewable bio fuels that can export surplus electricity back to the national grid. That all the refrigerators those are notorious for the balck spots for retailers that are trying to boost their green credentials. Now they have doors to save energy and HFC the harmful hydro fluorocarbon refrigerant gases previously been used. The professional people have significant role in management and development and have vital role to play in the process of change management Tescos HR Involvement in various aspects through CIPD Research It is reported in the research that Human Resources participation in a variety of aspects of the change can create the dissimilarity between successful and less successful project Their contribution at the initial stage of the project team. They can instruct to the project leaders in skill available in the business, recognize any training requirements, skill gaps, new practices new posts etc. They can balance out the short term and narrow goals with the broader strategic need. They assess the impact of change in one or more than one area , site, department of their organisation. With the stakeholders, used to negotiating and engaging, and also concerns to anticipate the problems of the stakeholder. Always helping the people with the change, motivation, and performance management. Always understand the appropriate medium of communication to assess the various groups. Tesco Hr team to face change management challenges after Leahy retirement The HR of Tescos team has to face the important change management challenges following CEOs leaving, according to experts. He has been the wheel of the UKs largest market chain more than 13 years and was the organizer behind its rise to own a 30%of the UK market. He will retire in March 2011 at the age of 55 and be successful by present head of international operation. Philip Clark (Beth Holmes 09 June 2010) Clark will carry his own product of leadership to the 500,000 staff international, with 250,000 in the UK across approximately 25000 stores. Tesco, which made a pre-tax profit of 3.2bn pound in its last financial year. There are various organisation theories and models which all supermarkets are using to make change, their development and performance like TESCO SUPEMERKET big achievement on the first Zero Carbon supermarket that is boasting these changes and it the big step in the organisational change by using these organisational theories such as: The EFQM excellence model EFQM model was initiated at the commencement of the 1992 as the structure for Measure Company for the European Quality Award. This for the all organisations that is regardless of sector, stricter or maturity, size and need to be successful to the establish an appropriate management frame work. Now it is the most broadly used organisational frame work not only in the Europe but also in UK, US, and rest of the countries and we may say like this that it is the foundation for the majority of regional and national Quality Award. In the way to benchmark with other organisations inn change management. It can also use for the self assessment as the Tesco market made a change in the organisation that totally separated from the other organisations. There is complete guide for the areas for the improvement. And the main the structure for the organisations management system as from there all changes starts For the basis of an organisations common vocabulary and their way of thinking. There some valuable aspects that can narrate from the above given model these aspects of the model are very important for not only Tesco super market change but also for any organisation change and performance. Organisational Leadership For any organisational change is depends upon their leadership because its the leader who expands and facilitates the attainment of the mission and vision. They increase the values of the organisation and it s required system for the sustainable achievement and realize these through their activities and behaviours. While the change is in progress they maintain a constancy of aim, such leaders are being able for the change direction of the organisation. Strategy and polices Outstanding organisations put into practice their task and idea by budding a stakeholder purposeful approach that takes explanation of the marketplace, division in which it operates. Strategy, Policies, aims and processes are developed and deployed to convey organisation polices. Empoyees/People Brilliant organisations administer, expand, free the full possible of their people at an person, team-based and organisational level. They support justice and sameness and engage and sanction their persons. They heed for, commune, recompense and discriminate, in a method that motivates employees and construct promise to by earnings of their skills and information for the advantage of the organisation. Resources And Partnership among the Oraginsation or people Superb organisations graph to manage exterior partnership, suppliers and domestic possessions in order to hold up strategy and scheme and the useful operation of process. Through development and though managing partnerships and property, they balance the current and prospect needs of the government, the district, and the surroundings. Execelent Process Admirable organisations plan, run and get better process in instruct to completely suit, and produce rising worth for, consumers and other stakeholders.   Results from the customers Outstanding organisations carefully calculate and attain exceptional grades with respect to their consumers. Results from the people Exceptional organisations carefully determine and get wonderful results with admiration to their people. Result from the society Admirable organisations methodically calculate and attain exceptional result with high opinion to society. Performance result Brilliant organisations methodically determine and attain exceptional results with esteem to the key factor of their plan and policy. Choices for Change The Change Kaleidoscope Design Choices After the significant contextual characteristics are recognized, the design choices have to be set for the change process. Many alternatives are strong-minded by the contextual quality. 1.Change path 2.Change start point 3.Change style 4.Change target 5.Change roles DESIGN CHOICES: Objectives: To identify change choice open to leaders. To identify a range of tools and models that add further Clarity or perspective to the options that faces leaders when planning implementation of their proposed changed. Five Design Choices: Contextual features of the change situation should be considered before a change approach is selected. Change Path: This is driven by the extent of change and the speed of the change that need to be undertaken for the required change outcome to be delivered. the change path option seems to be between Revolutionary or Evolutionary. Leader may have little choice but to enforce may have little choice but to enforce change from the top using whatever tools, incentives are available: The need is pressing and there is no alternative. The cultural web Cultural web elements The Cultural Web recognize six joined basics which help to build up what Johnson and Scholes recognize the paradigm the representation or mould of the job environment. You can start to see the advanced representation of your culture that running and that is not functioning, what needs to be changed. Stories: The earliest times actions and people discussed about inside and external the company. By choosing what and who the business chooses to commemorate says a great arrangement about what it principles and perceives as vast performance.   Rituals and Routines:   Day today performance and activities of people that signal satisfactory actions. This verifies what is going to happen in given conditions, and what is appreciated by management.   Symbols: The company logos, how plush the offices are and the dress codes. Organizational Structure:   This contains both the organisation structure described by the organization chart, and the unwritten lines of authority and power that specify whose assistance are most valued.   Control Systems:   The traditions that the business is controlled. These consist of economic systems, quality systems and rewards. Power Structures:   The people who are holding the real power in the business. This may engage some key senior executives, a whole group of senior managers, or even a section. The main thing is that these people have the most amount of power on decisions, operations, and planned direction. Every business has selected a dissimilar way of achieving competitive advantage in a packed marketplace.   Michael Porter, 1985 in his book  Competitive Advantage, Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Says the generic strategies Cost Leadership (no frills), Differentiation and Focus (present a particular service in a niche marketplace). He then subdivided the Focus strategy into two parts: Cost Focus and Differentiation Focus.   The Cost Leadership Strategy, Porters generic strategies are paths of acquisition competitive advantage, in other language, creating the edge that gets you the trade and takes it left from your challengers. There are two main paths of attain this within a Cost Leadership strategy: Rising profits by dropping costs though charging industry-average prices. Growing market share during charging lower prices, at the same time as still making a logical profit on each business because you have decrease costs. For that reason need to be sure that you can attain and uphold the number one place before selecting the Cost Leadership path. Businesses that are victorious in attaining Cost Leadership typically have, Entry to the capital essential to spend in technology that will bring costs down. Well-organized logistics. A small cost base (labour, materials, and facilities) and a way of sustainably reducing costs under those of other competitive businesses. The Differentiation Strategy, This involves making your goods or services diverse from and better-looking those of your challengers. How you going to do this is depends on the nature of your business and of the goods and services themselves, but will characteristically involve durability, features, support, functionality and also image of the brand that your customers worth. To make a achievement of a Differentiation scheme organizations need, High-quality investigates expansion and novelty. The capacity to supply goods or services. Successful trades and promotion therefore the market get to know the advantages obtainable by the differentiated contributions. Big businesses follow a differentiation strategy require continuing with their new product development processes. Or else they risk assault on several fronts by contestant follow Focus Differentiation strategies in diverse market sections. The Focus Strategy, Businesses that use Focus strategies focus on exacting niche marketplaces and by consideration of dynamics of that marketplace and the exclusive needs of buyers within it, expand uniquely reduced value or well-specified goods for the marketplace. Since they treat their buyers in their market exclusively well, they tend to put up tough brand loyalty among their buyers. This creates their exacting market section less attractive to challengers. The porters five forces model Porters five forces analysis suppose that there are five significant forces that decide the power of competition in a business condition. These are, Supplier Bargaining Power:   This force you measure how simple it is for providers to raise up prices. This is handling by the amount of providers of each key input the individuality of their product/service, their power and control above you, the fee of switching from one to a new product and so on. The supplier selections you have and the extra you need providers help, the more authoritative your suppliers are. There are lot of suggestions for Tesco. Than smaller supermarkets Tesco has an advantage like they can dictate the amount the Tesco pay for their suppliers. If that provider did not support for that price they will be left much smaller markets for their goods. 1. Buyers Bargaining Power:   In this force ask from you how simple it is for purchasers to run prices down. Once more, this is carrying by the amount of buyers, the significance of each person to your business, the charge to them of switching from one product and service to another and so on. If you handle with few authoritative purchasers, then they are frequently able to say terms to you. As an example If Tescos beans price is high customers will switched to Sainsbury or Asda Competitive Rivalry:   The importance here is the amount and ability of your challengers. If you comprise with many challengers, and they propose evenly good-looking products and services, then youll mainly like to have little authority in the circumstances, because providers and purchasers will go somewhere else if they do not get a high-quality contract from you. Another thing is if anyone cant do what you do, then you can frequently have marvellous power. Threat of Substitution:   This happens due to the facility of your buyers to find a dissimilar way of undertaking what you do as an example if you deliver a unique software product that computerize an essential procedure persons may replacement by doing the procedure by hand or by outsourcing it. If replacement product is easy and substitution is feasible then these weaken your power. Threat of New Entry:   Here it says authority is also affected by the capability of people to come in your marketplace. If it charge little in time or money to come in to your market and struggle successfully, if there are few financial systems of scale in marketplace, or if you have tiny security for your main technologies, then new challengers can speedily come in to your market and reduce the power of your position. If you have tough and strong barriers to entry then you can protect a favourable location and take reasonable benefit of it. Other supermarkets give good challenge to Tesco plc. Tesco plc might have area the market place for some assured products; the new superstores will not be capable to find low-priced, dependable suppliers. Also Tesco has the benefit of  economies of scale. The sum it pays to providers per-item is a bunch less than the small shop.  

Privatization of Electricity in Tanzania :: essays research papers fc

Privatization of Electricity in Tanzania The story of Tanzania, from pre-colonialist period to present Tanzania, located in East Africa, is one of the least developed countries in the world. According to the UNDP Human Development Index, Tanzania ranked 162 out of 177 countries in the 2004 survey (UNDP:2004, HDI), with one being the most developed. According to the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) prepared by Tanzanian officials for the World Bank, half of Tanzanians 36.6 million people are characterized as â€Å"poor† and one-third live in â€Å"abject poverty†(WB: PRSP p.1). Tanzanians have a life expectancy of 43.5 years, a fertility rate of 5.1 births per woman, an HIV prevalence of 8.8%, and a population growth rate of 1.95% (UNDP: 2004). Agriculture makes up half of the country’s GDP, 85% of the exports, and 80% of the labor force (CIA: 2004). Culturally, Tanzanians are made up of 130 different tribes, each speaking their own mother tongue. The official languages of Tanzania are Kiswahili and English, with English being the main language in commerce, administration, and higher education (CIA: 2004). Kiswahili is a mix of Bantu languages, English, and Arabic, and is indicative of the millennia old history of trade with the outside world. Records of trade routes with the Middle East date back to the 1st century AD (govt web: early history). Zanzibar and the coastal town of Bagamoya were the hubs of the East African slave trade, active for well over a thousand years (pilot). While the early slave trade with the Middle East existed only on a small scale, transporting around 100 slaves at a time, the appearance of Europeans in the 17th century ratcheted up the trade to a much larger scale and level of organization, at its height moving 15,000 slaves a year out of East Africa (pilot). Serious efforts to end the slave trade began in the 19th century, though the trade continued through the German occupation of then German East Africa in the latter part of the century. In 1919 after World War I, Britain took over German East Africa, renaming it Tanganyika, and permanently put an end to the slave trade (govt web: colonial period ). Tanganyika attained independence from British rule in 1961 and Zanzibar followed soon after in 1963, ending the existence of the British mandated territory. Tanzania was formed in 1964 by uniting the mainland, Tanganyika, and the islands of Zanzibar. An excerpt from the Tanzanian National Website displays an interesting official interpretation of the lingering effects of centuries of occupation by foreigners (my emphasis):

Divorce & marriage Essay

People from broken families are less likely to have successful marriages. This is because of the psychological implications such families bring into their life. According to available psychological evidence, divorce is a major cause of emotional stress and depression (Clarke-Stewart, & Brentano, 2006). Depression as a psychological impairment has been evidently found to factor much in compromising the social life of the victim. Such individuals are marked with lack of hope for the future, a factor that only serves to negate their chances of engaging in successful marriage. Another commonly cited potential implication of divorce on children is that it can cause negative perception of a particular gender by the child. According to available statistical evidence, it is clear that due to the social and economic hardships experienced by children after the divorce of their parents, most tend to develop hatred against one gender of the community (Clarke-Stewart, & Brentano, 2006). With such a mental setting, an individual finds it a major challenge to accept and appreciate that gender into a binding relationship. This has the direct implication that they are less likely to engage in successful marriages. Still, the sustainable building of character traits in a child is mainly by copying the character traits of the surrounding members of the community (Clarke-Stewart, & Brentano, 2006). This means that their parents are the most influence society members in modeling the character of the child. However, prior to divorce or family breakdown, families are found to have constant conflicts and/or communication failure. Such imply that the character of violence is instilled in the mind of the child. Also, broken families fail to provide the efficient parental love required for modeling reliable social behavior of the child due to the lack of one parent character in the family. All these only negate the children understanding and appreciation of the underlying meaning of marriage. References Clarke-Stewart, A. , & Brentano, C. (2006). Divorce: Causes and Consequences. New Haven: Yale University Press.

The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essays

The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essays The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Paper The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Paper Kingfisher is a major air hose based in Mumbai, India. It is the 5th Indias air hoses that provide largest rider air hose in which international and domestic flights are provided to the clients with really flexible menus. Kingfisher is one of the largest air hoses in India and it was established in 2003. It is owned by the Bengaluru based United Breweries Group. Basically the commercial operations are started in 9 may 2005 with the fleet of four new Airbus A320-200s Operating flight from Mumbai to Delhi. Then the following international operations are started on 3 September 2008 by linking from Bengaluru to London. The Kingfisher air hose has been confronting fiscal issues for many old ages. Kingfisher air hoses have the 2nd largest portion in the air travel market till December 2011. However due to the acerb fiscal crisis faced by the Kingfishers air hose, it has now the 5th largest market portion presently and merely above Go Air Airlines. Kingfisher Airlines is one of the lone seven air hoses that are awarded 5-star evaluation by Skytrax along with Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, Asiana Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines, and Hainan Airlines. Kingfisher operates 250 day-to-day flights including domestic and international services. Kingfisher Airlines carry more than 1 million riders which help the Kingfishers Airlines to do the highest market portion among all other air hoses in India in May 2009. Kingfisher besides holds the Skytrax award for one of the India s best air hose of the twelvemonth 2011. Background: Main issue of the ruin of the Kingfisher Airline. All things are traveling in a really good mode and kingfisher is at its extremum but in 2005 the air hose faced many jobs in the operations, the Airlines so reported as in loss. But the state of affairs become worst when the new air hoses called Air Deccan is adopted by the Kingfisher air hose in 2007. Due the coaction with the new air hose the Kingfisher suffered a loss of over Rs. 1,000 Crore continuously for 3 old ages. In the Starting of 2012, the staff of Kingfisher air hose is traveling on work stoppages and it besides faced a really large loss of over Rs. 7,000 Crore with half of the money is bankrupted. In this tough state of affairs the faces chiefly faced fiscal job and to get the better of the state of affairs the air hose went for loans, so that they can cover it. But the heavy involvement and debt, in November 2010, the company adopted a manner to diminish the load the air hose adopted debt restructuring on those entire 18 taking loaners, those have landed entire Rs. 8,000 crores, they agree to cut the involvement the rates and convert portion of loan into equity. As per the contract the loaners have to change over the debt into portions which is converted into equity. Due to this company able to cut down the mean involvement to 11 % and salvage Rs. 500 Crore every twe lvemonth in the involvement cost. The usage of the scheme Debt restructuring besides did nt assist the air hose a batch ; no uncertainty by utilizing this it reduced the involvement charges by Rs. 500 crores every twelvemonth, but due to the high addition in cost and many other factors the company started faced jobs of liquidness. Due to no financess available the company besides faced these types of jobs like delayed wage there are over 6,000 workers which are working in the company and after the fiscal crisis company have delayed wages of the staff that will impact the workers a batch because they are working like the same and we can state they are working more than normal but these type of jobs decrease the workers morale and dissatisfaction factor besides arises. Due to the non-availability of the financess they are besides many things that will consequence like due fuel, Service revenue enhancement, Air craft rental rental due and many more. Current Situation: Problem still continues Kingfisher air hoses started to project down into fresh crisis. Many flights are cancelled and many aircrafts are grounded. The company shut down many of import international operations and closed the engagement of the tickets. Kingfishers have many aircraft and merely few were runing and soon really less aeroplanes are runing and this dropped extremely in market portion. Main taking State bank of India besides non giving more loans to the company unless they pay the old sum. Now a twenty-four hours it is really difficult state of affairs for kingfisher air hoses in recent months. The service of air hose provided by Vijay Mallya is non glamourous as it was old times because many flights are cancelled when clients are waiting to going and this will undervalue a batch to client. The direction is chief issue here in the Kingfisher air hoses they need some expert CEO s that aid to look into the activities every twenty-four hours but Vijay Mallya is the lone 1 that control the whole company this may be the biggest cause of ruin of the kingfisher air hoses. In large organisations tonss of treatment and suggestions are needed that aid to do any determination easy. This causes which disturbs the relation between the employees and Vijay Mallya because there must be some clip given to each and every employee so that they feel motivated and experience their suggestions or any demand of aid are given by the company, this help them to remain satisfied and they work with their full attempt. Vijay Mallya ever kept stating that the ground behind ruin of company is that the lifting fuel pricing and other factors contributed the ruin of the company. But there are other factors besides. Some other grounds that besides contribute to the ruin of the kingfisher air hose: Sociological: Now a yearss going by plane is non a large issue because there are batch of air hoses from which we can choose any one harmonizing to our fiscal position. Every flight has its ain manner of handling riders because in today s universe traveling one topographic point to another is non a large trade all affairs how was our journey what are the experience and how comfy are you in the whole journey. As being a 5 star air hose they provide good service to the riders but the monetary values are besides really high merely the high profile or above the economic degree people adopt Kingfisher air hose. Due to the epicurean degree of intervention they are willing to pay more than other air hoses charge. But they have to be economical so every economic individual can besides hold the experience this type of epicurean intervention this besides help them to garner more and more clients. Technological: In today s universe engineering plays a great function in any type of the company. Kingfisher air hoses do nt supply a Television screen on the dorsum of the place, so that every rider has its ain personal Television. Now people use engineering they want to make the whole work with the aid of cyberspace and make all the work while sitting in their place. This besides attracts clients to make all the booking while loosen uping in their place and they do nt necessitate to stand in the long waiting lines on the ticket counters. Economic: Now a yearss economic issues is a major concern because people are now look into non merely the epicurean intervention they besides check whether it is deserving traveling or non. There a batch of bank recognition options that are available in the instance of going this are besides the ground that affects the gross revenues of the air power industries. In India there are batch of factors that affect the administration like the rising prices, involvement rates and recession. There are authorities policies that consequence the administration a batch. There are lot things which have to see while be aftering the economic factors because that depend a batch on the success of the administration. Ecological: Nature besides consequence the air power industry a batch because the clime affects a batch on the air power industry conditions should be stable in the clip of the flights because if the clime is non good they are delayed and this disturb the clients a batch. Passengers who pay so many sums to acquire good service and comfy journey in between if something go on this disturbs a batch. If something happen like hold in the flights air hose have to supply installation and adjustment for the clients this costs a batch to the air hoses but they have to make for the riders to quiet them down and this help them to understand the job and they do nt take any opportunities to lose the clients because if the client have any bad experience they might non travel following clip with the same flight because they are many others options available to them. In India conditions is stable for most of the clip and riders are non use to these type of state of affairs so aviation industry must be prepared if any thing happens. Political: In India in every 5 old ages authorities alterations and besides it is a democratic state. Kingfishers have great benefit of this because the proprietor of kingfisher Vijay Mallya have good political web which helps to their air hose. No uncertainty, the political web is great but this non ever assist because all have to follow the authorities policies and regulations. Legal: Rising Fuel pricing is besides the chief issue in India. The air power industries have to pay big sum of money for fuel. To get the better of this job air power industry addition of lessening the degree of services to the riders which help them to cover it up. Ethical: American indians are really ethical people they ever think before purchasing anything they ever check which thing is good for them and besides gives some benefits to them. Like in India there a batch stationary merchandises which are collaborated with some non-profit institute or any other institute which gives some sum when person purchase it, bulk of people willing to purchase that merchandise because they help the destitute people. In past Kingfisher gives value for the money that is why people are willing to give more money after all kingfisher air hose is the 5 star rated air hoses. Analysis: No uncertainty kingfisher air hoses are one of the successful air hoses in India. But there are batch pros and cons at that place which lead them to downfall of the successful air hose. Professionals: Kingfisher is one of the epicurean flights in India. Kingfisher is a well-known trade name and the fiscal position of the organisation is really good. The connexions between the political and the proprietor of the Kingfisher air hoses are really strong. Kingfisher has a strong relationship with parent United Breweries Group which supports them a batch. The client service is really healthy. Kingfisher supply really epicurean journey to the riders. The staff is extremely trained and really professional with clients. Cons: The direction patterns are really hapless and the organisation construction is non formed decently. Kingfisher air hose is non bring forthing the expected returns from they are passing. Gross saless are acquiring lower and lower due to cancellation and delayed flights which clients do nt wish it. Due to the 5 star trade name of the company it is passing more than usually which is really difficult to retrieve the money. Thingss need some alterations: There are tonss of things which are needed to be alteration which help the kingfisher air hoses to retrieve. Aviation industry is now yearss are really popular and competition is acquiring tough and tough. To successfully run the air power industry there are many things which have to maintain in the head while successfully run the concern. In Kingfisher merely the proprietor Vijay Mallya is holding the direct control on the concern and due this there is jobs occur. In kingfisher there is immense web and there are many employee plants at that place and to fulfill the demands of the employee merely one individual can non maintain it. There must be some professionally and to the full trained CEO must be hired to command whatever is the state of affairs. Vijay Mallya besides taken incorrect measure while cutting the wage of the employees and even the wages are delayed for many months and harmonizing to the Herzberg s Motivator-Hygiene Model the clients are Dissatisfied because they are non acquiring the wage on clip. In the recession period of Kingfisher air hoses they besides misbehaved with some clients due to the defeat and this will lose their clients. In this period the Kingfisher air hoses introduced a new air hose called Kingfisher red to cover some disbursals because it is relatively low cost. Once there is an incident occurs riders booked the ticket for Kingfisher Airlines and when they come to the flight the realize that this is non Kingfisher fisher this is Kingfisher ruddy and when the rider asked for that so they asked that there is proficient issue in the web site it was non separating the two air hoses otherwise but this is non a valid ground because as I said earlier that the engineering plays a great function in today s universe people are now yearss really techno used and they know which flight they are booking. The chief inquiry is that why the kingfisher is running a inexpensive air hose after all Kingfisher is one of the top trade name 5 star air hose this reduces the repute of the air hose and besides misconducting with clients besides give incorrect impact on them so to manage this Kingfisher air hoses must be hold some agreement to manage this type of material. To make so see staff is required and if any struggles occur so manage them with attention so that no rider acquire disquieted and experience colored everyone should be treated same. Competition besides have a major issue because while viing with other Aviation air hoses they have to see so many expects that will impact the Kingfisher air hoses because other air hoses provide more installation and at that place low cost of the menu attracts the clients, But Kingfisher Airlines have to make some schemes so that they can maintain their clients. Competition is non merely with Aviation industry in India bulk of people will travel for the low cost bearers in India. Railwaies are besides rivals because now Indian Railwaies are safe manner to go and they cost really less as compared to air hose. So to be after harmonizing to the budget of the air hoses and every bit economical to the people, trained CEO s are required to make the occupation done good. Owner of Kingfisher air hoses Vijay Mallya besides done one more thing that they merely targeted the riders that are willing to pay more than normal. They merely need epicurean intervention, this is a good but in the clip period of 2005 to 2008 is really easy earned money period for Kingfisher and Vijay Mallya besides make so much net income so he invested money on others topographic points like Cricket, Alcohol and many more. Due to the easy money Mallya expanded a batch their imperium that is really hard to manage and this is one of the ground which makes the Kingfisher into problem. Kingfisher Airlines have to take following measure to do things good: With batch of addition in loss of Kingfisher air hoses and delinquent of revenue enhancement, fuel providers and airdromes and merely few of the flights are working. If they want to once more successfully run the concern so boosters need to put some money foremost so the Kingfisher air hoses foremost clear the due of fuel and overdue of the revenue enhancement with this money and so they should step up the ladder of success. The morale of the employees should be considered foremost because they are the really of import to the Kingfisher air hose particularly the staff and pilots they should neer be dissatisfied. So Kingfisher air hoses should must unclutter all the due of the wage of the employees because due to unpaid they have to endure and their households besides suffer with them. They ca nt afford to lose quality pilots and if this will go on it may be go on that the works should close down in future. Aircrafts used in the Kingfishers used now is really less and due to the misdirection of the staff and between the proprietor leads them to failure because as I discussed earlier Mallya ever have the direct control of the concern and may be some factors that are left which are non considered by Mallya that affects a batch to the Organization. The perceptual experience of the Owner may be someway incorrect that is why the organisation construction should be clear and should be made by assorted gifted heads that help to success of the air hoses. Decision Kingfisher is one of the taking and successful air hoses in India. The ground behind the ruin of the air hose is mentioned above and there are many other factors which besides the ground behind the ruin of the Kingfisher air hose. The organisational construction is chiefly the major concern in the Kingfisher air hoses. In get downing the kingfisher is at its extremum at that clip period is the best clip to spread out the concern but due to the immense benefits the staff and pilots and the disbursals is besides become more and more and to successfully pull off it many talented individual are required, no uncertainty they have experienced staff and epicurean intervention they give to the riders but to form the whole staff and the air hose merely Vijay Mallya is holding the direct control on it and this occurs misinterpretation. When the concern is holding great net income so we must hold to more qui vives because when this happen the other rivals ever seek to acquire problem so we ca nt do net incomes. Like the other rivals of kingfisher is giving more installation and the cost of other air hoses are besides less than it is hard to pull off for Kingfisher air hoses because they are the really epicurean and the cost of the flights are besides high because due to the trade name name they have to handle the riders like they are treated antecedently and this is really hard to manage but this can be handled by professionals so that the riders non experience and alter but this scheme gives benefits to the air hose and assorted schemes are required to make it. Some of them are mentioned above but the organisation behaviour plays a great function to pull off the people in the organisation. This helps the staff and employee and higher position individuals and proprietor to successfully run the concern and keep a hea lthy relation between them.

Teenage Magazines Lie essays

Teenage Magazines Lie essays In the Magazine (Cosmo Girl (UK) aimed at 14-17 year olds there are many summer images as its June issue and it is summer in the UK. The girls featured seem to look quite young in most of the photos. But there are some older girls advertising swimwear and are said to be models. These models with their flawless skin and tight bodies all from what I can see are about the same shape and size. They are no bigger than a size 10, look carefree and happy, tanned at the beach and swimwear advertisements, pretty and have a look that says Im popular and have lots of friends. Most of the models have either blonde or brown hair with highlights and there flawless faces have shinny bronze glaze upon them. I think that these images appeal to the eye but arent realistic. The models look even prettier because the photographer who posed them has the models looking as though they are having fun with friends, laughing and popular. You may think the lip gloss looks beach touched and summer kissed on the model so you buy it, but the reason its so perfect in the picture is only because it gets touched up but because the models look like they are having a good time and stereotyped as popular (as they are pictured with friends, fun-loving (as they are smiling), fashionable (in the lattest brands), and girls think to get more friends and even a boyfriend they have to be like this. lives so they look gorgeous, dreamy and desirable. The models skin isnt how it seems in the photo either. At school we do photography we touch up our images of trees for instance and why dont we realize that the photographers and multi media specialists are doing exactly by the same to the so called dream girls we see wearing the latest billabong swimmers in magazines. I think hair can make or break an outfit. Many underestimate the dangers teen magazines hold and harmful effects they can have on todays teens. Cosmo girl portrays slim, beautif...

NIGER MILITARY COUP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

NIGER MILITARY COUP - Essay Example This paper will critically discuss military coups as way of seizing power, using the Niger’s case as an example. Niger Military Coup Military coups as earlier stated, have been considered especially in most of the African countries among them Niger, as the only way of getting corrupt leaders in the government to vacate their offices once diplomacy has failed (Onwumechili 17). This is due to the fact that these leaders in most cases interfere with their constitutions, with some using their powers to amend certain acts in order to prolong their terms. Some of them even refuse to vacate their offices after they are defeated in presidential elections, for example with the case of Ivory Coast. The president, despite having lost the election to his opponent Outtara, has continued to cling to power instead of handing over the presidency peacefully. As for now, diplomatic talks mediated by eminent persons are going on and there is a possibility of military action against him if the ta lks fail to produce viable results (Harwood 59). This is an example of how tensions start building up and when they accumulate, military action becomes unavoidable especially where such leaders have been described as the major cause of suffering for the citizens and an obstacle to development. In Niger for example, the former president, Mamadou Tandja had been in power for 10 years, which is the maximum period that a president is allowed to rule in the country, after which he is required to retire. However, towards the end of his second term, he brought about a constitutional reform, which was meant to give him the leeway to run for another term, and which did not go down well with majority of the citizens and legislators. He planned a national referendum to extend his term but according to sources, the opposition boycotted this process whereas the national assembly refused to grant his wishes. In return, Tandja dissolved the parliament as well as the constitutional court for ruling against his intentions. Interestingly, he went ahead to conduct the referendum in which the opposition did not participate and declared the results in favor of his bid for a third term (Africa Research Bulletin 205). This is a sign of a leader who was bent to interfere with all organs of government regardless of the principle of separation of powers between the executive, legislature and the judiciary, which are supposed to function independently without one influencing the other. In this aspect, the president can be termed as an authoritarian, who, with the current growth of democracies around the world, should not be allowed to hold executive powers. The action prompted the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to sanction the country by excluding it from the organization’s trading activities (Africa Research Bulletin 207). Such an action against a country means that the level of foreign income earned from exports to member countries goes down hence the rise o f poverty levels among citizens. In addition, despite the country being rich in minerals such as Uranium, citizens have continued to suffer abject poverty while his council of ministers and close family members and friends continued to enrich themselves with tax payer’s money. As a result of such corruption and nepotism through out his rule, Niger’s economy has continued to deteriorate and the effect is that

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reading Response - Essay Example FK realizes two opposing sides in America and in the world, he increases the appreciation of his message to the audience by using rhetoric effectively. Kennedy welcomed the responsibility of dealing with friends and foes alike in order to become a global representation of peace. To achieve this, he shared his energy with the people and made each person in the audience realize that these goals were achievable once everyone played their role towards their achievement. Clearly, he shows the role each opposing force can play in order to solve problems affecting and bring peace to America and the world. This is clear when he states his idea by asking opposing nations to propose ways of controlling arms in order to "bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations† (Kennedy). Metaphorically, Kennedy appeals to his audience illustrating his vision for a world that respects freedom and liberation of people. In this regard, he voices his vision to help realize and respect freedom by offering "to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty" (Kennedy). This metaphor allows the audience to realize his vision of ending past injustices and becoming more aware of his vision in ensuring liberation of all people in the world. On the other hand, Kennedy shows intentions of ensuring justice in the world by telling dictators that, "those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside" (Kennedy). In conclusion, calling people to action remains the basis of the whole speech. However, his use of figure of speech is impressive and helps him put his message in such a way it resonates well with the audience. On the other hand, his message remains vital in the current world where conflicts are the order of the day. It is therefore important to ask whether America and the world can learn from this speech. In addition, is there any leader in the world who can currently rise and lead the

Ethics and Legal Considerations in Strategic Management (StilSim Essay

Ethics and Legal Considerations in Strategic Management (StilSim Company ) - Essay Example Virtues such as integrity and honesty have always been valued here in the stilsim company, not only that, we also believe in quality customer service, openness, personal excellence, continual self improvement and mutual respect. We respect our committment that we have with our cliental and cutomers and we believe in providing the best service that is out there to all of our associations. We here hold ourselves accountable to not only our customers but also to our share holders, our partners and our employees and we pride ourselves on honouring our commitments with them and providing the best of the results that we can. We try our best to live up to the expectations of our cliental and customers. To understand more about the work here at stilsim and the principles on which we work, we provide our employees and clientals with our brochures and handbook. These handbooks have all the essential information about the stilsim and what this company is about. Generally, ethics considered as the moral standards by which behaviour of the people is judged. Often the ethics re considered as the â€Å"golden rule†, this however is only the general consideration of ethics and this standard can not be used to define the buisiness ethics. In a business you are answerable to diffrent set of people such as customers, shareholders and the clients. Business ethics is is a highly compex field where determining your next move when an ethical dilemma arises among diffrent interests is an extremely tricky job. Right now the stilsim company is dealing with many internal and external issues and once we impliment our new strategy, the ethics should be kept in our minds while making any important decision. Since the stilsim company has been in the business for such a long period of time , we believe that we hold a great deal of responsibilty towards our employees, our stake holders, our shareholders, our customers and even the

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar Essay Julius Caesar is a film version (1953) of Shakespeare’s play and is called to be the most successful Hollywood adaptation. The director of the film Joseph L. Mankiewicz made a successful attempt to authentically preserve the characters, themes and actions. Mankiewicz used the technique of the screen to the utmost advantage in the use of close-ups, of detail to illustrate key moments in film terms. Julius Caesar is a tragedy of an assassin â€Å"who is too honorable to succeed†. Caesar is a ghost story, seduction, study of marriage and fortune-telling. The film production is also a course in public speaking, social studies lesson, history of civil war and revenge and forgiveness, dramatic story about regretted decisions, tribute to the power of mental images. The historical context is Caesar’s victory over Italians and Pompey’s sons whereas the historical events presented in the film production are the conspiracy between Cassius and Brutus to assassinate Julies Caesar and the power of Roman Empire that is so desired by certain characters. Brutus, Caesar’s best friend, is easily convinced that assassinating the best friend can be justified as it will assist in establishing liberty in Roman Empire. It resulted in Brutus agreement to join the conspiracy. Caesar ignored the warning about attending the Senate meeting and thus he was assassinated by conspirators. Although at the funeral Brutus made an attempt to justify his crime appealing to the crowd, he made a fatal mistake allowing Mark Antony to speak, because Mark was the most faithful follower of Caesar. the crowd was incited and turned away from conspirators Morality won in a certain way, because Antony’s military forces defeated the conspirators and Brutus committed a suicide. After reviewing the historical context and events it is seen that a row of historical issues arose from the film. The first issue is tyranny that was so common in those times. In a certain way Julius Caesar is a story about the death of a benevolent tyrant. Although Caser had some good virtues in his character, he was a tyrant at heart and many people suffered from his cruelty. He was responsible for killing of innocent people as accepted no compromises thinking firstly about his own welfare. The next common historical issue is the question of betrayal. Although Brutus is portrayed as a respectable and noble person, he is betrayer at heart. It is necessary to note that being a weak person in a certain way he was all the more easily manipulated into killing his best friend. Brutus betrayed Caser when stabbing him when Caesar looked him in the eyes and betrayed Caesar for the second time when believing he did it for the good of the Roman Empire. He explained even his motives to the citizens, but remained misunderstood. Another issue arising from betrayal is the desire of absolute power, because for the characters it meant more than position and name it was everything. Although every power has limitations and there is no absolute power, every character in the film had in a certain way his power. It appeared from the movie that characters used their power only for their convenience. Finally the last important issue is the question of loyalty which was rather unique and uncommon for those times. If the loyalty had not been involved in the film, the Roman Empire â€Å"would not have been torn apart†. Otherwise if loyalty had been involved in all aspects, tyrant Caesar would have the emperor of for many years. War would not have broken out if people would have been more loyal to Caesar. The example of loyalty in the film is Mark Antony, a character misunderstood by all people. In conclusion it is necessary to admit that film is really successful in making people think about historical issues and problems, because many of the problems are still present in contemporary society. It is possible to state that the movie complements the historical discussion of the written texts, because it presents all historical events in more vivid and realistic way and it is easier for more people to understand the problem. All these conceptions of the play are valid, because people for four hundred years have been periodically returning to admire Julius Caesar. References Jorgens, Jack J. (1985) Shakespeare on Film and Television. New York: Scribners.

Inserted-Plate Coated of Methanol Steam Reformer

Inserted-Plate Coated of Methanol Steam Reformer High Efficiency Inserted-Plate Coated of Methanol Steam Reformer: PEM Fuel Cell Applications Methanol can be easily stored and transported and converted to H2 using a reforming reactor that makes it an excellent hydrogen and energy source for fuel cell applicationsEasily storage, transporting and converting to H2 by a reforming reactor using makes it an excellent energy source for PEMFC applications [1-3] During the last decades, there has been a growing interest on developing technologies taking advantage of clean energy sources. The reduction of atmospheric pollution and, namely, the emission of greenhouse gases have become imperative and, among the new technologies for mitigating these emissions, fuel cells have the ability to efficiently convert chemical into electrical energy. In particular, PEMFCs are zero-pollutants emission systems because they transform the chemical energy of the electrochemical reaction within hydrogen and oxygen into clean electrical powerTodays, for environmental issues, growing interest on developing technologies including clean energy sources has been focused. Pollution issue and, especially, the emission of greenhouse gases have become crucial and, the new technology for elimination of these emission, can be achieved by PEMFC. [4, 5] Meanwhile, compared to other feedstocks, methanol exploitation shows various advantages as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell applications and, namely, it can be produced from renewable sources[9], and the reforming reaction occurs at relatively low temperatures, ca. 240–260 1CAmong these, methanol exploitation leads various advantages as a hydrogen carrier and, especially, reforming reaction applying at relatively low temperature (240-260 C) [6] , compared to the methane reforming, normally performed at 800–1000 1C, compared to the methane reforming, normally carry out at 800-1000 C[7] . Methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction has been seen as a very attractive and promising process for hydrogen production and, according to the scientific literature on the argument, it can be described by the following chemical reactions:Attractive and promising of the methanol steam reforming process cause especial insight to this reaction which according to the scientific references, occurs by the following chemical reactions: Where reactions 1, 2 and 3 represent MSR reaction, water gas shift reaction and methanol decomposition reaction, respectively.Reaction (1), represents MSR reaction, reaction (2) represents water gas shift reaction and reaction (3) represents the methanol decomposition reaction The reactor design has direct impact on the reaction conversion, but owing to higher technical complexity and manufacturing costs of other designs, the reformers and MRs are normally tubular. However, recent efforts in the area of micro-processing made possible and easier to manufacture other reactor designs and namely well-structured à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡at micro-reactors. A micro-reactor is defined as a device that contains micro structured features, with a sub-millimeter dimension, in which chemical reactions are performed in a continuous manner They present advantages compared to conventional ones such as higher surface-to-volume ratio, smaller mean distance of the specific à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uid volume to the reactor walls, better heat and matter transfer properties and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow patterns that fit with the reaction needs. Furthermore, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡at reformers are suitable for stack integration with fuel cells. Packed-bed micro-reactors require well-define catalyst particles, wi th regular shape and much smaller than the internal dimensions of the micro-channels, which is a problem for most of commercial catalysts.The reactor design, directly impress reaction conversion but owning to higher complexity and fabrication costs should be considered. Common normally MRs are in tubular shape. However, recent researches show easier to manufacture and possibility of other designs and namely well-structured flat micro-reactors. A reactor containing micro structure features and sub-millimeter dimension through performing in a continues manner representing advantages such as higher surface to volume ratio, smaller mean distance of the specific fluid volume to the reactor walls, improving heat and mass transfer make appropriate situation of stack integration with fuel cells. [8]. Many studies have been developed to explore the advantages of micro/mini-reactors to produce hydrogen through MSR The design of a reactor targets the maximization of the conversion and selectivity at the lowest costs and its performance is inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uenced by the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ow pattern, velocity profile, pressure drop and heat transfer, so all these aspects must be consideredTo fabricate an effective micro-reactor having maximum conversion and selectivity at a low cost is impressed by the flow pattern, velocity profile, pressure drop and heat transfer, therefore all these approaches should be considered[9]. For conducting MSR reaction, most of the used reactor designs are rectilinear channels, pin-hole, coil-based and radial (Fig. 2).Coil-based reactor designs allow high conversions, but impose a significant pressure drop penalty, which may be a limitation for compact applications Categorization of the design consist rectilinear channels, pin-hole, coil-based and radial (Fi g. 2). Among these, Coil based leads high conversion and pressure drop preventing compact applications[9]. In the other hand, the rectilinear channel designs exhibit a small-pressure drop, but the conversion is low due to uneven mass distribution and is affected by the Reynolds number while, the first exhibit a small pressure drop, uneven mass distribution cause lower conversion which impressed by Reynolds number[9]. Yet, by adjusting the channels width [69] or by imposing a pressure drop at the channels entrance even distributions on rectilinear channel designs can be obtained, improving the methanol conversion[10]. Conventional packed-bed reactor has disadvantages, such as hot spots, delays in start-up, and mass and heat transfer limitations. For micro-scale reactor, the pressure drop is somewhat higher due to space constraints of channels being blocked with catalysts. A micro-pump used in portable applications may not be capable of overcoming a high pressure drop. On the other hand, microchannel reactor offers advantages, such as fast heating and cooling, large surface-area-to volume ratios, and less energy input The packed-bed reactors as a classic system, have disadvantages, such as hot spot, slow start-up, and heat and mass transfer limitations. Micro-structure scale of this group utilizing a micro pump is necessary, due to high pressure and channel blockage [10]. Some research has shown that wall-coated reactor performs better than packed bed reactor for SRM reaction various researches has proofed better performance of the wall-coated than packed bed reactor for SRM reaction[11, 12]. Experimental Catalyst preparation Firstly, 200 ml deionized water was heated to 80ËÅ ¡C and then metal nitrates of Cu, Zn and Fe (to prepare CuZnFe) were dissolved into the water until get the 0.2M solution. This solution was added to the heated water (80ËÅ ¡C) over stirrer under 350 rpm. To control and adjust pH around 7, the precipitation agent of 0.5M Na2CO3 was used. The obtained precipitates were aged at 60 ËÅ ¡C for 2 h under vigorous stirring. Afterward, the solids were filtered and washed with warm deionized water for several times and dried at 110 ËÅ ¡C for 12 h. then, the dried powder was calcined in a furnace at 350 ËÅ ¡C for 4h. Catalyst slurry preparation PVA (87-90% hydrolyzed, average mol wt 30,000-70,000,SIGMA-ALDRICH) was added to deionized water first, and stirred at 70 C until totally dissolved, then cooled at room temperature. As-synthesized, high-performance CuZnFe catalyst (10 wt.% catalyst) was added into the PVA solution (0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% PVA) as-prepared. The catalyst slurry was kept in the ultrasonic bath for 1 h. Catalyst coating by electrophoretic deposition on stainless steel plates To prepare a regular, controlled catalytic layer, a well-stable suspensions of the catalyst powder are necessary which depend on the particle size, solvent characteristics and additional agents. To do this, the powder were milled to get a uniformity of particle size distribution below 40 micron, at least. Isopropanol was selected as solvent due to lower conductivity limiting solvent transportation than of the aqueous ones. Moreover, presence of aqueous base cause water electrolysis following poor coverage of catalyst. Electrophoretic deposition was performed at constant voltage (140 V) using a power supply unit (SPS-900NP-Navasanpardaz). The stainless steel (AISI-304) palates (7.04 cm2) were used as electrodes in the EPD bath. To cover both sides of the plate, a system including three electrodes was selected which, were mounted at a distance of 15 mm in a cell with a total volume of 120 ml. slurry of 72 g/L of catalyst in isopropanol and 1 g/L of PEI as binder was prepared through 15 min strongly stirring and then, 15 min signification in an ultrasonic bath (1200M-Soltec). The time of 4 min as coating time was fixed for all samples. After coating, the plates were dried in room temperature and then calcination at 350 C for 2 h. Method and materials According to the procedure in fig. 1, a series of CuZnFe slurries and samples were prepared. The synthesized powder was milled at 250 rpm for 10 min (due to initial fine powder structure short milling time was chosen) by a milling apparatus. It make a stable behavior of the slurry and homogenous final layer deposited. Results and Discussion After the coating procedure, the changing structure of the CuZnFe catalyst, the operating parameters and micro-channel characterization affect the efficiency of hydrogen in the output. In this study, explored a number of vital parameters characterization, including channeling arrangement and shape, coating methods and the efficiency of hydrogen production. Micro-Channeling Theory Design and micro-channel arrangement optimization cause select an appropriate structure limited by performance efficiency, constant cost like startup, Fabrication, and variable costs (Catalyst stability, coated layer quality, appropriate life time). Regardless of the constant costs, overall state and changing catalytic plates while the plates have been channelized, replacement and re-channelizing, coating procedure should be more difficult. Although, chein et. Al. [13] adopt three types reformer including the microchannel, the plain channel and the inserted catalyst layer while utilizing channeling over cover plate is different. All proposed structure of a square microchannel have been shown below†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In this research, flexibility and replacing of an aged micro-reformer has been emphasized, an appropriate configuration with the minimum of fabrication cost through a recoverable coating procedure, minimum catalyst consuming and high efficiency has been adopted. A treated stainless steel as active layer was coated by the high efficiency CuZnFe catalyst which coated in an electrophoretic bath under a high controlling ability condition. The EPD producer will be discussed elsewhere, in detail. According to the optimum condition of a constant parameters, type of micro-channels, length and stability have been investigated. Reactor design The reactors were designed as flat-plate composed of stainless steel 304 plates. The microstructures were introduced by CNC technology. The both cover plate were machined to cover the active catalytic layer and increasing area to volume concept. The active layers were coated by home-made synthesized high efficiency steam reforming catalyst. Subsequently, the housing sealed by graphite gasket and bolts. The size and number of channels are summarized in table 1. Table 1.  Summary of the dimensions of the reactor: the channel dimensions are only provided for the reformate side of the plates Parallel channel Zig-zag channel Length(mm) Wide(mm) Depth(mm) Length(mm) Wide(mm) Depth(mm) The test plates and reformer design details are shown in fig. 1. On the top side of the cover plate, as shown in fig. 1(a), microchannel were patterned zig-zag path to reduce pressure drop along the path, holding high activity of the catalyst through the contact time increasing.(ref) the feed methanol-water mixture is sent to the vaporizer section including an inert alumina granule packed developing the heat transfer, and then, collected in an triangle manifold in the reformer inlet to obtain a more uniformly distributed flow. The design of the reformer channel (as shown in fig) leads splitting-jointing in an alternatively manner. In order to identify the reactant flow pattern effect on the reforming performance, the reformer channels shown in fig.1 were investigated. Catalyst coating The results of coating procedure, have been shown in fig 2. For all the plates, the same catalyst loading of 25mg was coated. Experimental setup A schematic diagram of the experimental setup is shown in fig. 3. The main components of the system are reactants, micro-reformer and products. To provide the heat of the reaction an electrical furnace was used controlled by a TIC. The feedstock system including methanol-water in liquid phase was sent by a syringe pump (model nnn) in a designed feed composition and determined S/C= 1.3 in all the tests. The reformed gas stream was then sent to a cold trap to eliminate the unreacted liquid phase. In continues, the rest of the gases was conducted to a gas chromatography equipped via two columns of carboxen and hysep Q (model shimadzu GC-8A). Based on the achieved fractions and compositions, the methanol conversion, CO selectivity, hydrogen yield and stability of the active layer cab be achieved. A K-type thermocouple connected at the end of the holes which designed to measure temperature of determined spots along the axis, default of the measurement is based on the central point of the reformer for all the tests. Results and Discussion 50 mm parallel microchannel Fig. 4 and fig. 5 display the performance of the microchannels according to the length. The investigation was performed under different temperature and micro channel types. It can be observed that the methanol conversion rates with various lengths is no different although the magnitude of this depends on the micro channel arrangement and for the direct parallel channels is more obvious. In the experiments, the effect of reaction temperature could overcome length and full conversion of methanol was achieved, finally. For the zig zag type, by variation in length in a range of 20 to 50 mm, no difference was observed. The arrangement cause more efficiency in reduction of surface to volume ratio. Actually the need of a sufficient contact time of the reactants on the catalytic active sites is necessary for a satisfying conversion. In the zag-zag type the contact time will increased and the at least of the sufficient length of full conversion is about 25mm. other lengths below those was not possible due to the limitation of the mass flow controller. On the other hand, being endothermic of MSR, the least requirement heat of reaction can be supplied by increasing of the contact time on the cover plate which is contacted to the heating source, consequently following the micro channel length. About the CO content, however, due to being full conversion in considered lengths, there is no significant different among the cases. Higher conversion can cause producing some more CO in the outlet. On the other hand, sufficient existing catalyst affect the CO production due to being active rWGS in lower loading of the catalyst. (ref). Zig-Zag microchannel Felani et al. [ ] proposed that a novel channel arrangement with a certain sizing could guarantee better flow distribution, higher contact time being accessible of reaction and heating, and lower pressure drop than those of conventional ones. The proposed model can increase the methanol conversion. Fig. 6 shows the illustration of the micro-reactor with such zig-zag microchannel. The performances of parallel microchannels and that of zig-zag microchannels are compared by the present experiment. The micro-reactor in this study is different from that of chein et al. [13]. In chein’s paper, the reactor only has simple inserted plate without channelizing. It is noticed that in this experiment novel catalyst of CuZnFe has been used and the goal of this experiment is not the comparison of the cases. Advantages of easily replacing, lower costs of recoating and flexibility managing of the fuel processor. Fig. 7 shows the variation of the methanol conversion with the temperatures. It c an be found that with the increase of the temperature, the methanol conversion decrease. The conversion in zig-zag microchannels were higher than those in parallel microchannels. When the temperature is high, methanol conversion in zig-zag microchannels could be 20% higher than that in parallel microchannels. As mentioned before, zig-zag microchannels induce potential of providing more contact time to react under the help of catalysts, thereby enhancing the methanol conversion. Conclusions In this paper, the experiment of methanol steam reforming were performed in a micro-reformer coated with novel CuZnFe catalyst. The following conclusion can be achieved. 1. The impacts of reaction temperature, gas hourly space velocity, H2O-to-CH3OH molar ratio and catalyst stability were also investigated in this stainless micro-reformer. Condition selection of optimum operation can be achieved by these useful guidance. 2. Micro-reactor with two types microchannel arrangement, including zig-zag path and parallel microchannels, different lengths of 15, 30 and 60 mm were evaluated. It is found that methanol conversion in microchannels with zig-zag path are much higher than that of parallel path. In addition, since zig-zag path cause more contact time of the reactants on active sites of catalyst, there is no different of methanol conversion with length variation, while in the parallel path, it was obvious that higher length leads to more methanol conversion. References [1] D.R. Palo, R.A. Dagle, J.D. Holladay, Chemical Reviews 107 (2007) 3992-4021. [2] L. F Brown, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26 (2001) 381-397. [3] C. Liao, P.A. Erickson, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 (2008) 1652-1660. [4] J.-H. Wee, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 11 (2007) 1720-1738. [5] S. Bose, T. Kuila, T.X.H. Nguyen, N.H. Kim, K.-t. Lau, J.H. Lee, Progress in Polymer Science 36 (2011) 813-843. [6] R.Y. Chein, Y.C. Chen, Y.S. Lin, J. Chung, International Journal of Energy Research 36 (2012) 466-476. [7] A. Basile, A. Iulianelli, T. Longo, S. Liguori, M. De Falco, Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes, Springer, 2011, pp. 21-55. [8] V. Hessel, S. Hardt, H. Là ¶we, Chemical micro process engineering: fundamentals, modelling and reactions, John Wiley Sons, 2006. [9] H. An, A. Li, A.P. Sasmito, J.C. Kurnia, S.V. Jangam, A.S. Mujumdar, Chemical Engineering Science 75 (2012) 85-95. [10] X. Ouyang, L. Bednarova, R. Besser, P. Ho, AIChE journal 51 (2005) 1758-1772. [11] A. Karim, J. Bravo, D. Gorm, T. Conant, A. Datye, Catalysis today 110 (2005) 86-91. [12] J. Bravo, A. Karim, T. Conant, G.P. Lopez, A. Datye, Chemical Engineering Journal 101 (2004) 113-121. [13] R.-Y. Chein, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Lin, J. Chung, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 50 (2011) 1253-1262.